ὑπό — by/under: by · Greek word G5259

ὑπόhupo

by/under: by

Greek · G5259 · 664 occurrences · 615 references

Dictionary

ὑπό (before smooth breathing ὑπ᾽, Mat.8:9b, Luk.7:8b; before rough breathing ὑφ᾽, Rom.3:9; on the neglect of elision in Mt, Lk, ll. witha, Gal.3:22, see WH, App., 146; Tdf., Pr., iv),
prep. with genitive, dative (not in NT), accusative
__I. C. genitive, primarily of place, under, hence, metaphorically, of the efficient cause, by: after passive verbs, with genitive of person(s), Mat.1:22, Mrk.1:5, Luk.2:18, Jhn.14:21, Act.4:11, 1Co.1:11, Heb.3:4, al.; with genitive of thing(s), Mat.8:24, Luk.7:24, Rom.3:21, al.; with neut. verbs and verbs with pass, meaning, Mat.17:12, Mrk.5:26, 1Co.10:9, 10 1Th.2:14, al.
__II. C. accusative, under;
__1. of motion: Mat.5:15 8:8, Mrk.4:21, Luk.13:34; hence, metaphorically, of subjection, Rom.7:14, 1Co.15:27, Gal.3:22, 1Pe.5:6, al.
__2. Of position: Jhn.1:49, Act.4:12, Rom.3:13, 1Co.10:1, al.; hence, metaphorically, under, subject to, Mat.8:9, Rom.3:9, 1Co.9:20, Gal.4:5, al.
__3. Of time, about: Act.5:21.
__III. In composition: under (ὑποδέω), hence, of subjection (ὑποτάσσω), compliance (ὑπακούω), secrecy (ὑποβάλλω), diminution (ὑποπνέω).
(AS)

Abbott-Smith

Liddell–Scott–Jones

ὑπό [υ], Prep. with gen., dat., and acc.: Aeol. ὐπά Alc. 39; Boeot. ὑπά

A Ἀρχ.Δελτ. 14 Pl. ii 19 (Thespiae, iii B.C.); Ion. ηυπύ only in IG 14.871 (Cumae, v B.C.); Arc. ὁπύ Schwyzer 664.15, 21 (Orchom. Arc., iv B.C.); in Ep. ὑπαί (also B. 12.139 ): this is found in Hom. only six times as a well-attested reading ( ὑ. πόδα Il. 2.824, ὑ. δέ 3.217, 11.417, 12.149, ὑ. δείους 10.376, 15.4 ); elsewh. (before λ ν ρ ϝ) it is weakly attested as v. l. for ὑπὸ ( ), e.g. ποσσὶ δ’ ὑπὸ ( v.l. ὑπαὶ ) λιπαροῖσι Il. 2.44, al.; but ὑπαὶ νεφέων is given by most codd. in Il. 15.625, 16.375 (v. Allen ed. maj.), and ὑπαὶ νεφέεσσι Anon. ap. Plu. 2.38e; also in compds., ὑπαιδείδοικα h.Merc. 165, ὑπαιφοινίσσω (q. v.); it is not freq. in Trag. Poets, A. Ag. 892, 944, 1164 (lyr.), Eu. 417, S. El. 711, 1418 (lyr.), Inach. in PTeb. 692 ii5 (lyr.), E. El. 1188 (lyr.), Ar. Ach. 970 (paratrag.). (With ὑπό (ὕπο) cf. Skt. úpa ‘towards, near to, etc.’, Goth. uf ‘under’.)

A WITH GENITIVE,

I of Place, with Verbs of motion, from under, αὖτις ἀναστήσονται ὑ. ζόφου they will rise again from under the gloom, Il. 21.56; ὑ. χθονὸς ἧκε φόωσδε Hes. Th. 669; ῥέει κρήνη ὑ. σπείους Od. 9.141, cf. Pl. Phdr. 230b; ὄσσε δεινὸν ὑ. βλεφάρων ἐξεφάανθεν Il. 19.17; ἐσιδόντες ὑπαὶ χειμῶνος αἴγλαν from under the storm-cloud, B. 12.139; esp. of rescuing from under another’s power, after the Verbs ἐρύεσθαι, ἁρπάζειν, ῥύεσθαι, ἐρύειν, Il. 9.248, 13.198, 17.224, 235; ἤγαγεν ὑμέτερόνδ’ ἀνδροκτασίης ὕ. λυγρῆς from the consequences of, 23.86; also ἵππους μὲν λῦσαν ὑ. ζυγοῦ from under the yoke, 8.543, Od. 4.39; ὑπ’ ἀρνειοῦ λυόμην I loosed myself from under the ram, 9.463; σπλάγχνων ὕπο ματέρος μόλεν, i.e. was born, Pi. N. 1.35, cf. O. 6.43; rarely in Trag., ὑ. πτερῶν σπάσας E. Andr. 441; περᾷ γὰρ ἥδ’ ὑ. σκηνῆς πόδα Id. Hec. 53; once in Hdt., τὰς δέ οἱ ἵππους ὑ. τοῦ ἅρματος νεμομένας ἀφανισθῆναι 4.8; αἴ τις ὑ. τῶν νομίων τῶν ἐπιϝοικων ἀνχωρέῃ SIG 47.27 (Locris, v B.C.); cf. ὑπέκ.

2 of the object under which a thing is or is placed, under, beneath, with collat. sense of motion, as μοχλὸν ὑ. σποδοῦ ἤλασα πολλῆς thrust it in under the embers, Od. 9.375; ὑ. στέρνοιο τυχήσας Il. 4.106; τοὺς μὲν ὑ. χθονὸς εὐρυοδείης πέμψαν Hes. Th. 717: also without the sense of motion, ὑπ’ ἀνθερεῶνος ὀχεὺς τέτατο Il. 3.372; βάθιστον ὑ. χθονός ἐστι βέρεθρον 8.14; ἐτέθαπτο ὑ. χθονός Od. 11.52; κεκευθὼς πολεμίας ὑ. χθονός A. Th. 588; ὑπ’ ἀγκῶνος βέλη Pi. O. 2.83; νέρθεν ὑπ’ ἐγκεφάλοιο Il. 16.347; τὰ ὑ. γῆς δικαιωτήρια Pl. Phdr. 249a; δεξιὰν ὑφ’ εἵματος κρύπτειν E. Hec. 342; φέρειν ζώνης ὕπο ib. 762: Thom.Mag. p. 375 R. says that ὑ. = under takes gen. in Att., acc. in ‘Hellenic’ Greek; κατακρύψας ὑ. κόπρου, which is v.l. in Od. 9.329 for ὑ. κόπρῳ, is called by Eust. 1631.36 Ἀττικώτερον, ὁποῖον καὶ τὸ φέρειν τι ὑ. κόλπου ἢ ὑ. μάλης (v. κόλπος, μάλη); but in Att. Prose, Hdt., and the Koine ὑ. c. gen. in signfs. 1.1, 2 is almost limited to these and a few other phrases, esp. ὑ. γῆς; it is not found at all in Th., LXX, Ptolemaic papyri, and NT; X. has ὑ. ἁμάξης ( = from under) An. 6.4.22, 25; the Orators have only ὑ. μάλης, Lys. Fr. 54, D. 29.12; ὑ. γῆς is found in Pl. Ap. 18b, Mx. 246d, R. 414d, al., Arist. Mete. 352b6, al., Hipparch. 2.2.45, Plb. 18.18.10 (ὑ. τῆς γῆς), 21.28.3, 10.

b metaph., ἀρετῶσι δὲ λαοὶ ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ under his rule, Od. 19.114.

II of Cause or Agency, freq. with pass. Verbs, and with intr. Verbs in pass. sense, μή πως τάχ’ ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ δουρὶ δαμήῃς Il. 3.436, cf. 4.479; ἡνιόχοιο ἐν κονίῃσι πεσόντος ὑφ’ Ἕκτορος 17.428; εὖτ’ ἂν πολλοὶ ὑφ’ Ἕκτορος θνῂσκοντες πίπτωσι 1.242; τὸν.. τοκέα ὑ. τοῦ.. παιδὸς ἀποθνῄσκειν Hdt. 1.137; οἵαις ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ πημοναῖσι κάμπτομαι A. Pr. 308, cf. Th. 7, al.; πέλεκυς.. ὅς τ’ εἶσιν διὰ δουρὸς ὑπ’ ἀνέρος Il. 3.61; ὑπ’ Ἀχαιῶν.. φοβέοντο.. ἀπὸ νηῶν 16.303; πάσχειν δὲ κακῶς ἐχθρὸν ὑπ’ ἐχθρῶν A. Pr. 1042 (anap.); ὑ. τοῦ Μήδου δεινότερα τούτων πάσχοντες Th. 1.77; ἐκπεσόντες ὑ. τοῦ πλήθους Id. 4.66; ἀναστάτων Καμαριναίων γενομένων ὑ. Συρακοσίων Id. 6.5; ὑφ’ ὑμῶν αὐτῶν καὶ μὴ ὑ. τῶν πολεμίων τοῦτο παθεῖν Id. 4.64; κλύοντές ἐσμεν αἰσχίστους λόγους.. τοῦδ’ ὑπ’ ἀνδρὸς ἀρτίως we have been called shameful names by.., S. Aj. 1321; κακῶς ὑ. τῶν πολιτῶν ἀκούειν to be ill spoken of by.., Isoc. 4.77, cf. Pl. Hp.Ma. 304e, X. An. 7.7.23; of a subordinate agent, ὑ. κήρυκος προαγορεύειν, ἀπειπεῖν κηρύκων ὕπο, Hdt. 9.98, E. Alc. 737, cf. Th. 6.32; ἐμῶν ὑπ’ ἀγγέλων.. πορεύεται S. Tr. 391; ὑ. ἀγγέλων πέμπων Pl. Phlb. 66a: sts. with a verbal Subst., τὸ ὑ. νόμου ἐπίταγμα (i. e. ἐπιταττόμενον) Id. R. 359a; ἐκφορὰ φίλων ὕπο A. Th. 1029; ἡ ὑπ’ ἀρετῆς Ἡρακλέους παίδευσις X. Mem. 2.1.34; ἡ ὑ. πάντων τιμή Id. Cyr. 3.3.2; Ἥρας δεσμοὶ ὑ. ὑέος Pl. R. 378d; so ἄτρωτον ἦν ὑ. στύγους ( = οὐ τετρωμένον ) prob. in A. Ch. 532.

2 also in pregnant phrases, not only of the immediate act of the agent, but also of its further result, ὅθ’ ὑ. λιγέων ἀνέμων σπέρχωσιν ἄελλαι hasten driven on by them, Il. 13.334; ὑφ’ Ἕκτορος.. φεύγοντες fleeing before him, 18.149, χάσσονται ὑπ’ ἔγχεος 13.153, cf. 7.64, 11.119, 424, Od. 5.320, 7.263, al.; πράγματα εἶχον ὑ. λῃστῶν X. HG 5.1.5; ἔπαινον, αἰτίαν ἔχειν ὑ. τινῶν, Hdt. 9.78, A. Eu. 99; οὐκέτι ἀποχωρεῖν οἷόν τ’ ἦν ὑ. τῶν ἱππέων Th. 7.78, cf. Ar. V. 1084.

3 freq. of things as well as persons, ὡς διάκειμαι ὑ. τῆς νόσου Th. 7.77; κεῖμαι νούσου ὕ. στυγερᾶς IG 42(1).125.8 (Epid., iii B.C.); χαλεπῶς ἔχειν ὑ. τραυμάτων Pl. Tht. 142b; ὑ. δόρατος πλαγείς IG 42(1).122.64 (Epid., iv B.C.); ὑ. ἔχιος φῦμα ib. 123.4 (ibid., iv B.C.); ἰάθη ὑ. ὄφιος ib. 121.113 (ibid., iv B.C.); κατεσκεύασαν τὰς πύλας κλείεσθαι ὑ. σφύρας τε μεγάλης καὶ κτύπου παμμεγέθους γιγνομένου Aen.Tact. 20.4: of the agency of feelings, passions, etc., ἀνόρουσ’ ὑ. χάρματος h.Cer. 371; ἐνδακρύειν, ἀνολολύξαι χαρᾶς ὕπο, A. Ag. 541, 587; μαίνεται.. ὑφ’ ἡδονῆς S. El. 1153; χλωρὸς ὑπαὶ δείους Il. 10.376; ὑ. δέους ἔρρηξε φωνήν Hdt. 1.85, cf. Th. 6.33; οὐ δυνατὸν τὸν δῆμον ἐσόμενον ὑ. τῶν κακῶν καρτερεῖν Id. 4.66; ὑ. κακοῦ ἀγρυπνίῃσι εἴχετο Hdt. 3.129; ὑπ’ ἄλγους A. Eu. 183; ὑπ’ ὀργῆς Ar. V. 1083; ὑ. λύπης S. OT 1073: hence ὑπό is used even with active Verbs, where a passive word may be supplied, e.g. ὑ. ἀρετῆς καὶ προθυμίης συνεπλήρουν τὰς νέας from courage, i. e. impelled by courage, Hdt. 8.1; ὤρυσσον ὑ. μαστίγων Id. 7.22, cf. 56; οὐδὲ σέ γε δόλος ἔσχ’ ὑ. χειρὸς ἐμᾶς by my agency, S. Ph. 1118 (lyr.); αἰ μήτις αὐτὸς δοίη, μὴ ὑπ’ ἀνάγκας not under compulsion, GDI 5128.5 (Vaxos).

4 ὑπό freq. serves to denote the attendant or accompanying circumstances, νέφος ἐρχόμενον κατὰ πόντον ὑ. Ζεφύροιο ἰωῆς Il. 4.276, cf. 16.591, etc.: sts. with part. added, ἀμφὶ δὲ νῆες σμερδαλέον κονάβησαν ἀϋσάντων ὑπ’ Ἀχαιῶν at their shouting, i.e. when they shouted, 2.334, 16.277; ἴαχε σάλπιγξ ἄστυ περιπλομένων δηΐων ὕ. 18.220.

5 of accompanying music, to give the time, κώμαζον ὑπ’ αὐλοῦ Hes. Sc. 281, cf. 278; ᾄδων ὑπ’ αὐλητῆρος Archil. 123, cf. Thgn. 825, Charon Fr. 9; πίνειν ὑ. σάλπιγγος Ar. Ach. 1001: generally, of anything attendant, δαΐδων ὕ. λαμπομενάων ἠγίνεον by torchlight, Il. 18.492, cf. E. Hel. 639 (lyr.), Ion 1474 (lyr.); καταθάψομεν.. ὑ. κλαυθμῶν A. Ag. 1554 (anap.); ὑπ’ εὐκλείας θανεῖν E. Hipp. 1299; εἴσειμ’ ὑπαὶ πτερύγων κιχλᾶν καὶ κοψίχων Ar. Ach. 970; ὑπ’ εὐφήμου βοῆς θῦσαι offer a sacrifice accompanied by it, S. El. 630; ὑ. φανοῦ πορεύεσθαι by lantern-light, X. Lac. 5.7; ὑ. πομπῆς ἐξάγειν τινά in or with solemn procession, Hdt. 2.45, cf. Ar. Th. 1030; ὑ. βίης βήξας coughing with violence, violently, Hdt. 6.107; ἐτόξευον ὑ. μαστίγων, i.e. they shot and lashed, X. An. 3.4.25: v. infr. B. 11.4, C. IV. 1.

6 ὑ. Ἑλλανοδικᾶν, = ἐπί c. gen., SIG 171 (Olympia, iv B.C.).

7 Math., ἡ ὑ. ΘΔΗ the angle ΘΔΗ ( = ἡ ὑ. τῶν ΘΔ, ΔΗ περιεχομένη γωνία ), Procl. Hyp. 2.26; but also τὸ ὑ. τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ the rectangle contained by ΑΓ, ΓΒ, = ΑΓ χ ΓΒ, Euc. 2.4.

8 ναῦλον ὄνων γ́ εἰς τὴν πόλιν ὑ. οἴνου laden with wine, Pap. in Hermes 28.163 (ii A.D.), cf. ib. 479, and infr. C. IV. 2.

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