δίκαιος — just · Greek word G1342

δίκαιοςdikaios

just

Greek · G1342 · 497 occurrences · 467 references

Dictionary

δίκαιος, -α, -ον
(δίκη), [in LXX chiefly for צַדִּיק (for rendering of צַדִּיק in sense of correct, see Deiss., BS, 115 f.); sometimes for נָקִי as Pro.1:11, al. ;]
in early Gk. writers
__(a) of persons, observant of δίκη, custom, rule, right, righteous in performing duties to gods and men ;
__(b) of things, righteous, in accordance with right.
In NT
__1. righteous, chiefly in the broad sense, as above, of the person or thing corresponding to the Divine standard of right
__(a) of persons: of God, Rom.3:26, 1Jn.2:29 Jn 3:7; of Christ, Act.3:14 7:52 22:14, 1Pe.3:18, 1Jn.2:1; of men, Mat.1:19 (Abbott, Essays, 75 f.) Mat.10:41 13:17, 43 13:49, Luk.1:6, 17, Rom.5:7, 1Ti.1:9, Jas.5:6, 1Pe.3:12, 1Jn.3:7, Rev.22:11, al.; δ. καὶ εὐλαβής, Luk.2:25; ἅγιος, Mrk.6:20; ἀγαθός, Luk.23:50; φοβούμενος τ. θεόν, Act.10:22; opposite to ἀμαρτωλοὶ καὶ ἀσεβεῖς, 1Pe.4:18; ἄδικοι, Mat.5:45, Act.24:15; δ. ἐκ πίστεως, Rom.1:17, Gal.3:11, Heb.10:38" (LXX) ; δ. παρὰ τ. θεῷ, Rom.2:13
__(b) of things: ἔργα δ., opposite to πονηρὰ, 1Jn.3:12; ἐντολή, Rom.7:12; metaphorically, αἷμα, Mat.23:35; τὸ δ., Luk.12:57; δ. ἐστιν, Act.4:19, Eph.6:1, Php.1:7; ὅ, Mat.20:4; ὅσα, Php.4:8
__2. In narrower sense
__(a) of persons, as in later cl. writers, just, rendering to each his due: Tit.1:8, 1Jn.1:9; δ. κριτής, 2Ti.4:8
__(b) of things: τὸ δ., Col.4:1; δ., sc. ἐστιν, 2Th.1:6; κρίσις δ., Jhn.5:30; ὁδοί, Rev.15:3
SYN.: ἀγαθός (which see), καλός, χρηστός (Cremer, 183, 690). (AS)

Abbott-Smith

Liddell–Scott–Jones

δίκαιος [ι], α, ον, also ος, ον E. Heracl. 901 (lyr.), IT 1202, D.S. 5.72: (δίκη):

A in Hom. and all writers, of persons, observant of custom or rule, Od. 3.52; esp. of social rule, well-ordered, civilized, ὑβρισταί τε καὶ ἄγριοι οὐδὲ δ. 9.175, cf. 8.575; [ Γαλακτοφάγοι] δικαιότατοι Il. 13.6; [ Χείρων] δικαιότατος Κενταύρων 11.832, cf. Thgn. 314, 794; δ. πολίτης a good citizen, D. 3.21, etc.: metaph. of the sea, Sol. 12.2 ( Sup. ); δικαίη ζόη a civilized way of living, Hdt. 2.177. Adv. δικαίως, μνᾶσθαι woo in due form, decently, Od. 14.90; ὑπὸ ζυγῷ λόφον δ. εἶχον loyally, S. Ant. 292.

2 observant of duty to gods and men, righteous, Od. 13.209, etc.; δ. πρὸς πᾶσαν ὁμιλίην Hp. Medic. 2; ἰθὺς καὶ δ. Hdt. 1.96; opp. δυσσεβής, A. Th. 598, cf. 610; δ. καὶ ὅσιος Pl. Grg. 507b; δικαίων ἀδίκους φρένας παρασπᾷς S. Ant. 791 (lyr.); also of actions, etc., righteous, ἐπὶ ῥηθέντι δικαίῳ a thing rightly said, Od. 18.414, etc.

3 ὁ δίκαιος, euphem. of a sacred snake, GDI 5056 (Crete).

B later:

I equal, even, well-balanced, ἅρμα δίκαιον evengoing chariot, X. Cyr. 2.2.26: so metaph., νωμᾷ δικαίῳ πηδαλίῳ στρατόν Pi. P. 1.86; δικαιόταται ἀντιρροπαί Hp. Art. 7; δικαιότατα μοχλεύειν ibid.: hence, fair, impartial, βάσανος Antipho 1.8; συγγραφεύς Luc. Hist.Conscr. 39.

b legally exact, precise, τῷ δικαιοτάτῳ τῶν λόγων to speak quite exactly, Hdt. 7.108, cf. Th. 3.44; of Numbers, αἱ ἑκατὸν ὀργυιαὶ δίκαιαι Hdt. 2.149. Adv. -αίως, πάντα δ. ὑμῖν τετήρηται D. 21.3; δ. ἐξετάζειν ib. 154.

2 lawful, just, esp. τὸ δ. right, opp. τὸ ἄδικον, Hdt. 1.96, A. Pr. 189 (lyr.), etc.; τὸ δ. τὸ νόμιμον καὶ τὸ ἴσον Arist. EN 1129a34; δ. διορθωτικόν, διανεμητικόν, ib. 1131b25, 27; τὸ πολιτικὸν δ. ib. 1134b18; ἔστι ἐπιεικὲς τὸ παρὰ τὸν γεγραμμένον νόμον δ. Id. Rh. 1374a27, cf. EN 1137b12; καὶ δίκαια κἄδικα Ar. Nu. 99; τὰ ἴσα καὶ τὰ δ. D. 21.67; τοὐμὸν δ. my own right, E. IA 810; ἐλθεῖν ἐπὶ τοῦτο τὸ δ. bring the case to this issue, Antipho 6.24; οὐδὲν τῶν δ. ποιεῖν τινί not to do what is just and right by a man, X. HG 5.3.10; τὰ δ. ἔχειν, λαμβάνειν, receive one’s due, Id. An. 7.7.14, 17; τὰ δ. πράττεσθαι πόλιν give a city its deserts, A. Ag. 812; ἐκ τοῦ δικαίου, = δικαίως, Ar. Av. 1435, cf. Th. 2.89; so ἀπὸ τοῦ δικαίου, τῶν δικαίων, Inscr.Prien. 50.8 (ii B. C.), 123.8 (i B. C.); μετὰ τοῦ δ. Lys. 2.12, D. 21.177; τὸ δίκαιον lawful claim, ἃ ἔχομεν δίκαια πρός.. Th. 3.54, cf. D. 21.179, Plu. Luc. 3, etc.; τὰ πρὸς ἀλλήλους δ. mutual obligations or contracts, Plb. 3.21.10; ἐπὶ συγκειμένοις τισὶ δικαίοις on certain agreed terms, D.H. 3.51. Adv. -αίως rightly, justly, Hdt. 6.137; μεῖζον ἢ δ. A. Ag. 376 (lyr.); καὶ δ. καὶ ἀδίκως And. 1.135.

II of persons and things, meet and right, fitting, δ. τοῦδε τοῦ φόνου ῥαφεύς A. Ag. 1604; κόσμος οὐ φέρειν δ. Id. Eu. 55; ἵππον δ. ποιεῖσθαί τινι make a horse fit for another’s use, X. Mem. 4.4.5, cf. Cyn. 7.4 (ἵππος δ. τὴν σιαγόνα having a good mouth, Poll. 1.196 ).

b normal, σχήματα Hp. Art. 69; φύσις Id. Fract. 1 ( Sup. ).

2 real, genuine, γόνος S. Fr. [1119]; ποιῶν τὰ ἐν τῇ τέχνῃ δ. Supp.Epigr. 2.184.7 (Tanagra, ii B. C.). Adv., εἴπερ δικαίως ἐστ’ ἐμός really and truly mine, S. Aj. 547, cf. Pl. Cra. 418e.

3 ὁ δ. λόγος the plea of equity, Th. 1.76. Adv. -αίως with reason, Id. 6.34, cf. S. OT 675: Comp. -ότερον Ar. V. 1149, etc.; also -οτέρως Isoc. 15.170: Sup. -ότατα Ar. Av. 1222; Aeol. δικαίτατα IG 12(2).526c17 (Eresus).

III ψυχὴ ἐς τὸ δ. ἔβη ‘the land of the leal’, IG 7.2543.3 (Thebes).

C in Prose, δίκαιός εἰμι, c. inf., δίκαιοί ἐστε ἰέναι you are bound to come, Hdt. 9.60, cf. 8.137; δ. εἰμεν ἔχειν Id. 9.27; δ. εἰμι κολάζειν I have a right to punish, Ar. Nu. 1434, cf. S. Ant. 400; δ. ἐστι περιπεσεῖν κακοῖς Antipho 3.3.7; δ. εἰσι ἀπιστότατοι εἶναι they have most reason to distrust, Th. 4.17; δ. βλάπτεσθαι Lys. 20.12; δ. ἐστιν ἀπολωλέναι dignus est qui pereat, D. 6.37; ὁ σπουδαῖος ἄρχειν δ. has a right to.., Arist. Pol. 1287b12; with a non-personal subject, ἔλεος δ. ἀντιδίδοσθαι Th. 3.40: less freq. in Comp. and Sup., δικαιότεροι χαρίσασθαι Lys. 20.34; δικαιότατος εἶ ἀπαγγέλλειν Pl. Smp. 172b; but δίκαιόν ἐστι is also found, Hdt. 1.39, A. Pr. 611, etc.: pl., δίκαια γὰρ τόνδ’ εὐτυχεῖν S. Aj. 1126, cf. Tr. 495, 1116; δικαίως ἄν, c. opt., Pl. Phdr. 276a. [δικαίων with penult. short in Orph. Fr. 247.2; cf. οὐ δίκαον: οὐ δίκαιον, Hsch. ]

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