4Q31 โ a biblical manuscript from Qumran Cave 4, in Hebrew. It preserves part of Deuteronomy.
Square brackets mark reconstruction. Letters inside brackets are the editorsโ restoration; a bracketed ellipsis [โฆ] stands where a word is lost altogether.
Hebrew · Dead Sea Scrolls
4Q31
Abegg, Bowley and Cook · every word parsed
Fragment 1
5
[ืืช] [ืกืืื] [ืืื] [ืืฉืืื] [ื][ืืืจื] [ื][ืืช] [ืืจืฆืณื] [ืืื] [ืจืฉ] [ื][ื]ืชืืจ ืืณื ืืื[ืื][ื] [ื][ืืื] [ื][ืื]
6
[ืืื] [ืชืช] [ืคืืืณื] [ื][ืืจืืชืณื] [ืขื] [ืคื ื] [ื][ืขืืื] [ืชืืช] [ืื] ืืฉืืื ืืฉืจ ืืฉืืขืืณื ื[ืช] [ืฉืืขืณื]
7
[ื][ืจืืื] [ื][ืืื] [ื][ืคื ืืณื][ื] [ื][ืืฉืื] [ืืืืืื] [ื]ืืืืจ ืงืืืช ืื ืกืืื ืืื ืืฉืืื [ืืืจื] [ืฉืืื]
8
[ื][ืืืจ][ื] [ืืขืืจื] [ื][ืืจืฆืณื] [ื][ื]ืจื ืืืจื ืืื ืื ืืกืืจ ืืืื ืืฉืืืื ื[ืื] [ื][ืืก]ืฃ
9
[ืชืฉืืจืณื ื] [ื][ืืืืชื] [ื][ืืื] [ื][ืืกืฃ] [ืชืชื] [ืืณื] [ื]ืฉืชืืชื ืจืง ืืขืืจื ืืจืืืณืื ืืืฉืจ ืขืฉื ืืณื
10
[ืื ื] [ืขืฉื] [ื][ืืฉืืื] [ื][ืฉืขืืจ] [ื][ื][ืืืืืื] ืืืฉืืื ืืขืจ [ืขื] [ืืฉืจ] [ืืขืืจ] [ื]ืช ืืืจืื
11
[ืื] [ื][ื]ืจืฅ ืืฉ[ืจ] [ืืืื] [ืืืืืณื ื] [ื ืชื] [ืืณื ื][ื] [ื][ืื] ืืื ืกืื[ื] [ืืื] [ืืฉืืื] [ื]ืขืืจืณื ื ืืณื ืื
12
[ืืงืฉื] [ืื]ืื [ืืืืืณื] [ืืช] [ืจืืืณื] [ื][ืืืฅ] [ืืช] [ืืืืณื] ืืืขื ืชืชืณื [ื]ืืืณื ืืืื ื[ืื][ื] [ื][ื]ืืืจ
13
[ืืืื] [ืืืณื] [ืจืื] [ืืืืชื] [ืชืช] [ื][ืคื ืืณื] [ืืช] [ืกืืื] [ื][ืืช] ืืจืฆืณื ืืื ืจืฉ ืืจ[ืฉืช] [ืืช] [ื]ืจืฆืณืื
14
[ื][ืืฆื] [ืกืืื] [ื][ืงืจืืชืณื ื] [ืืื] [ื][ืื] [ืขืืณื] [ื][ืืืืื] [ืืืฆืณื][ื] [ื][ืืช]ื ืณืื ืืืื ืืืืืณื ื [ื][ืคื ื]ืณื ื
15
[ื][ื ื] [ืืชืณื] [ื][ืืช] [ืื ืณื] [ื][ืืช] [ืื] [ืขืืณื][ื] [ื][ื ืืื] [ืืช] [ืื] [ืขืจื]ืณื ืืขืช ืืื[ื] [ื][ื ืืจื] [ืืช] [ื]ื
16
[ืขืืจ] [ืืชื] [ื][ื][ื ืฉืื] [ื][ื][ืืฃ] [ืื] [ืืฉืืจื ื] [ืฉืจืื][ื] [ืจืง] ืืืืื [ืืืื ื] [ืืณื ื] [ื][ืฉืื] [ื][ืข]ืจืื
17
[ืืฉืจ] [ืืืื ื][ื] [ื][ืขืจืขืจ] [ืืฉืจ] [ืขื] [ืฉืคืช] [ื ืื] [ืืจื ื] [ื][ื][ืข]ืืจ ืืฉืจ ืื ืื ืืขื ืืืืขื [ื]ื ืืืชืื
Fragment 2
1
[ืืืื] [ื][ืืฉืืจื] [ื][ื][ืืขืืชื] [ื][ืืงืจื] [ืืชืณื] [ืขื] [ืฉืืณื] [ืืช] [ื][ืืฉื] [ื]ืืช [ืืืืจ] [ืข]ื ืื[ืื] [ื][ืื]ื
2
[ื][ื][ืืืืจ] [ื ืชืชื] [ืืช] [ื][ืืืขื][ื] [ื][ื][ืจืืืื ื] [ื][ื][ืื]ื [ื ืช]ืชื ืื ืืืืขื ืขื ื ื[ื] [ืืจื ื]
3
[ืชืื] [ื][ื ืื] [ื][ืืื] [ื][ืขื] [ืืืง] [ื][ื ื]ื ืืืื ืื ื ืขืืืื ืืืขืจืื ืื[ืืจืื] [ื][ืืืื]
4
[ื]ืื ืจืช ืืขื [ืื] [ื][ืขืจืื] [ืื] ืืืื ืชืืช ืืฉืืช ืืคืกืื ืืืจ[ืืณื][ื] ืืืฆื ืืชืณืื
5
[ื][ืข]ืช [ื][ืืื] [ื][ืืืจ] [ืืื]ื ืืืืืณืื ื ืชื ืืณืื ืืช ืืืจืฅ ืืืืช ืืจืฉืชืณื ืืืฆืื
6
[ืชืขืืจื] [ื][ืคื ื] [ื]ืืืณืื ืื ื ืืฉืจืื ืื ืื ื ืืืื ืจืง ื ืฉ[ืืณื]ื ืืคืณ[ืื] ืืืงื ืณืื ืืืขืชื
7
[ืื] [ื]ืงื ื ืจื ืืณืื ืืฉืื ืืขืจืืณืื ืืฉืจ ื ืชืชื ืืณืื[ื] [ืขื] ืืฉืจ ืื ืื ืืืื ื[ืืืืณืื]
8
[ืืณืื] ืืืจืฉื ืื ืื ืืช ืืืจืฅ ืืฉืจ ืืืื ืืื[ื]ืณืื ื ืชื ืืณืื ืืขื[ืจ] [ื][ืืจืื]
9
ืืฉืืชื ืืืฉ ืืืจืฉืชืณื ืืฉืจ ื ืชืชื ืืณืืื ืืืช ืืืืฉืข ืฆืืืชื ืืขืช [ื][ืืื]
10
ืืืืจ ืขืื ืืณื ืืจืืช ืืช ืื ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื ื[ืืื] [ื]ืืืืณืื ืืฉื ื ืืืืืื ืื[ืื]
11
ืื ืืขืฉื ืืืื ืืื ืืืืืืช ืืฉืจ ืืชื [ืขืืจ] [ืฉืืณื][ื] ืื ืชืืจืืณื ืื ืืืื
12
ืืืืืณืื ืืื ืื ืืื ืืณืืื ืืืชืื ื ื[ื] [ืืืื] [ื][ืขืช] [ื][ื]ืื ืืืืจื ืืื ื
13
ืืืื ืืชื ืืืืช ืืืจืืช ืืช [ืขืืืณื] [ืืช] [ืืืืณื] [ื][ืืช] ืืืณื ืืืืงื ืืฉืจ
14
ืื ืื ืืฉืืื ืืื[ืจ]ืฅ [ืืฉืจ] [ืืขืฉื] [ื][ืืขืฉืืณื] [ื][ื][ืืืืจืชืณื][ื] [ื]ืขืืจื ื ื ืืืจืื
15
ืืช ืืืจืฅ ืืืื ืืฉืจ ืืขื[ืจ] [ื][ืืจืื] [ื][ืืจ] [ื][ืืื] ืืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืืชืขืื
16
ืืืื ืืณื ืืืขื ืณืื ืืื ืฉืืข [ืืืณื] [ื][ืืืืจ] [ืืืื] [ืืืณื] [ืจ]ื ืืณื ืื ืชืกืฃ ืืืจ
17
ืืืณื ืขืื ืืื[ืจ] [ื][ืื][ื] [ืข]ืื ืขื ืจืืฉ ืืคืกืื [ื][ืฉ]ื ืขืื ืืณื ืื ืืฆืคื ืณื ืชืืื ืณื
18
ืืืืจืืณื [ื][ืจืื] [ื][ืขื]ื ืืณื ืื ืื ืชืขืืจ ืืช ืืืจืื ืืืื ืืฆ[ื] [ื]ืช ืืืืฉืข ืืืืงืณืื
19
[ื][ืืืฆืณืื] [ืื] ืืื ืืขืืจ ืืคื ื ืืขื ืืื ืืืื ืื ืื ืืชืณื ืืช [ื][ืืจ]ืฅ [ืืฉืจ]
20
[ืชืจืื][ื] [ื][ื ืฉื] ืืืื ืืื ืืืช ืคืขืืจื
21
[ื][ืขืชื] [ืืฉืจืื] [ืฉืืข] ืื ื[ืืงืื] [ื]ืื ืืืฉืคืืื [ืืฉืจ] [ืื ืื] [ืืืื] [ืืชืณืื] [ื][ืขืฉืืช]ื
Click or tap any word for its parse and dictionary entry. ← and → move between chapters.
Transcriptions and morphology: Martin G. Abegg, Jr., James E. Bowley and Edward M. Cook, The Dead Sea Scrolls: Biblical and Non-Biblical Texts. Text-Fabric edition by Jarod Jacobs, Martijn Naaijer and Dirk Roorda, ETCBC, used by permission under CC BY-NC 4.0. Dictionary: Brown-Driver-Briggs. Square brackets mark letters reconstructed by the editors rather than preserved on the manuscript.
The words of this chapter
174 distinct words — each links to every other place it occurs.
ืึฐand64ืthe61ืto/for32ืึตืชmark of the accusative31ืin/on/with25ืึฒืฉืึถืจwho18ืืืืJehovah14ื ึธืชึทืgive12ืึถึซืจึถืฅearth10ืขึธืึทืจpass over10ืึถืmotion to9ืึถืthis8ืึผึนืthe whole8ืืึผืhe8ืึนืnot7ืขึทืperpetuity7ืึฑืึนืึดืืgods7ืคึผึธื ึถืface6ืึธืึทืจutter6ืจึธืึธืsee6ืกึดืืืึนืSihon5ืึธืึทืbore5ืึธืจึทืฉืtake possession of5ืึดืfrom5ืlike/as5ืขึธืฉืึธืdo5ืึผึตืson5ืึทืจึฐืึผึตืJordan5ืึผึดืburning5ืขึดืืจexcitement5ื ึทึซืึทืtorrent5ืึถึซืึถืึฐking4ืขึทืtop4ืขึทืpeople4ืึธืฉืึทืsit4ืขึตืชtime4ืึผึฐืืึผืborder4ืึถืฉืึฐืึผืึนืreckoning3ืืึนืday3ืฉืึธืึทืขhear3ืจึทืงemaciated3ืึผึดืึฐืขึธืGilead3ืึธืsea3ืฆึธืึธืlay charge3ืขึทึซืึดืeye3ืึดืึฐืึธืึธืbattle2ืชึผึทืึทืชthe under part2ืฉืึธืึทืึดืheavens2ืึผึธืึธืจspeech2ืึผึถึซืจึถืึฐway2ืึผึถึซืกึถืฃsilver2ืึธืึตืฅbe stout2ืึทึซืขึทืpurpose2ืึธืhand2ืงึธืจึธืcall2ืึธืึทืcapture2ืึดืฉืึผึธืwoman2ืึทืฃchildren2ืึทืจึฐื ืึนืArnon2ืขึฒืจึธืึธืpoplar2ืคึผึดืกึฐืึผึธืPisgah2ืึดืึฐืจึธืplace of sunrise2ืึธืbrother2ืึดืฉืึฐืจึธืึตืIsrael2ืึดืงึฐื ึถืcattle2ืจึทืmuch2ืขึตึซืึถืจregion across2ืึฐืืึนืฉืืึผืขึทJehoshua2ืึทืชึผึธึซืthou2ืืึนืpleasing2ืึฑืึนืจึดืAmoriteืึผึธืจึธืstir upืคึผึทึซืึทืdreadืึดืจึฐืึธืfearืฉืึตึซืึทืขhearingืจึธืึทืbe agitatedืึดืืbe firmืฉืึธืึทืsendืึทืึฐืึธืึฐmessengerืึดืึฐืึผึธืจmouthืงึฐืึตืืึนืชKedemothืฉืึธืืึนืcompletenessืึธืึทืึฐgoืกืึผืจturn asideืึธืึดืืright handืฉืึฐืึนืืthe leftืึนึซืึถืfoodืฉืึธืึทืจinspectืึธืึทืeatืึทืwatersืฉืึธืชึธืdrinkืจึถึซืึถืfootืขึตืฉืึธืEsauืฉืึตืขึดืืจSeirืืึนืึธืึดืMoabitishืขึธืจArืึธืึธืbe willingืงึธืฉืึธืbe hardืจืึผืึทbreathืึตืึธืinner manืึธืฆึธืgo outืึทึซืึทืฅJahazื ึธืึธืsmiteืึธืจึทืbanืฉืึธืึทืจremainืฉืึธืจึดืืsurvivorืึผึฐืึตืึธืbeastืึผึธืึทืspoilืฉืึธืึธืpreyืขึฒืจืึนืขึตืจjuniperืฉืึธืคึธืlipืึธืึธืfall outืึผึฐืฉืืึผืจึดืGeshuriteืึทืขึฒืึธืชึดืthe MaachathitesืฉืึตืnameืึผึธืฉืึธืBashanืึทืึผึธืEveืึธืึดืืจJairืึธืึดืืจMachirืจึฐืืึผืึตื ึดืReubeniteืึผึธืึดืGadiืชึผึธึซืึถืึฐmidstืึทืึผึนืงJabbokืขึทืึผืึนืAmmonืึผึดื ึผึถึซืจึถืชChinnerethืึถึซืึทืsaltืึธืึทืฅdraw offืึทึซืึดืstrengthืึธืึทืขknowื ืึผืึทrestืึผึทืalsoืึตืof their moaningืฉืืึผืturn backืึดืืฉืmanืึฐืจึปืฉืึผึธืa possessionืฉืึฐื ึทึซืึดืtwoืึตึซืึผึถืtheseืึผึตืrightืึทืึฐืึธืึธืkingdomืฉืึธืthereืึธืจึตืfearืึธืึทืfightืึธื ึทืshew favourืึฒืึนื ึธืlordืขึถึซืึถืslaveืึผึนึซืึถืgreatnessืึธืึธืงstrongืึดืwho?ืึตืgodืึทืขึฒืฉืึถืdeedืึผึฐืืึผืจึธืstrengthื ึธืIืึทืจmountainืึฐืึธื ืึนืLebanonืึทืnotืึธืกึทืฃaddืึธืึทืจspeakืขืึนืa going roundืขึธืึธืgo upืจึนืืฉืheadื ึธืฉืึธืliftืฆึธืคืึนืnorthืชึผึตืืึธืsouthืึธืึทืงbe firmื ึธืึทืget as a possessionืึผึทืึฐืvalleyืืึผืcircumciseืึผึตืืชbetweenืคึผึฐืขืึนืจPeor. See alsoืขึทืชึผึธึซืnowืึนืงsomething prescribedืึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธืjudgmentืึธึฝื ึนืึดึซืIืึธืึทืexercise in